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The 2-photon cross-sections of flourescent dyes need to be measured experimentally. The term “cross-section” describes the probability with which a fluorophore can undergo 2-photon excitation as a function of wavelength. The units are in Goeppert-Mayers (GM), named after Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the discoverer of the 2-photon effect. This web app allows you to interact with the cross-section data.

Data come from the Zipfel Lab and from papers by Mikhail Drobizhev. Mikhail kindly provided CSV files. Further details and original citations can be found at the link above.